Solid organ transplant recipients require constant immunosuppression to prevent graft failure of the transplanted organ. Drachenberg cb, hirsch hh, ramos e, papadimitriou jc. Always follow your funding opportunitys instructions for application format. Understanding the role of human polyomaviruses in cancer. Polyomaviruses are small dna viruses capable of persistent infection and having oncogenic potential. Polyoma virus infection in birds vca animal hospital. Jc and bk polyomaviruses were discovered over 40 years ago and have become increasingly prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in a variety of distinct, immunocompromised patient cohorts. The majority of infections are subclinical and lead to viral latency within the kidney.
Polyomavirus infection can also present as nonhemorrhagic or hemorrhagic cystitis, and rarely as ureteral obstruction. In 1971, two human polyomaviruses were discovered, bk virus bkv from the urine of a renal transplant recipient whose initials were b. Polyomavirus infections have been detected in vertebrate hosts including rodents, cattle, birds, monkeys, and primates. In the publish as pdf or xps dialog box, choose a location to save the file to. Since then the virus has been found in a wide variety of. Available for licensing and commercial development are methods of using two map kinase kinase mek inhibitors, pd98059 and u0126, in the prevention and treatment of polyomavirus infection. As of 2019, there are four recognized genera and 102 species, nine of which are unassigned to a genus.
Hygiene protocols for the prevention and control of. Herein, we describe a pancreatic transplant patient who suffered from an infection from a novel polyomavirus resulting in a unique constellation of. These findings were supported by the isolation of infectious sv40 from a choroid plexus tumor. Decrease in viral protein expression upon treatment with the mek inhibitors has been demonstrated for two polyomavirus species, jc virus jcv and bk virus. Polyomavirus definition of polyomavirus by merriamwebster. Methods for prevention and treatment of polyomavirus. Although this application demonstrates good grantsmanship, time has passed since the grantee applied. Urine cytology findings of polyomavirus infections.
Ppt infections a polyomavirus powerpoint presentation free to view id. Human polyomavirus an overview sciencedirect topics. Until 2006, bk virus bkv, jc virus jcv, and simian virus 40 sv40 were the only polyomaviruses known to circulate in the human population. Viruses that belong to the family polyomaviridae have circular, monopartite, infectious, doublestranded dna that exists in a supercoiled structure in the virion and is associated with histones h2a, h2b, h3, and h4 stolen from the host. The decade of polyomavirus bkassociated nephropathy. Quarantine aviculturists with a diseasefree situation, should be encouraged to maintain a closed flock with strict hygiene and quarantine procedures. Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the jc virus or john cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus formerly known as papovavirus.
Polyomavirus lecture free download as powerpoint presentation. Causes of polyomavirus french molt in birds stress, including poor nutrition while breeding, overbreeding, insects, and a mite infestation are factors that could precipitate the condition. Identification of a third human polyomavirus journal of virology. Must be taken into account when trying to control the disease. Several human polyomaviruses of unknown prevalence and pathogenicity have been identified, including human polyomavirus 9 hpyv9. This genus includes the species human polyomavirus 6 and human polyomavirus 7, members of which exhibit skin tropism, and human polyomavirus 10 and human polyomavirus 11, members of which mw polyomavirus and stl polyomavirus, respectively, are commonly detected in the gastrointestinal tract the general mode of polyomavirus diversification is. However, one type of human polyomavirus, the merkel cell polyomavirus, is known to cause a rare form of skin cancer called merkel cell carcinoma, and other members of. Jcv, were eventually found to chronically infect the great majority of humans worldwide. Status of cytokine and antigen presentation genes in. The emergence of polyomavirus bkassociated nephropathy pvan in the last decade is an example of this recent development.
The polyomavirus of pet birds belongs to the family papovavirus, the same group of viruses that causes benign skin tumors papillomas or warts in birds. There are two primary forms of the disease based on species affected. Polyomavirus bk bkv is small double stranded dna virus that has been assigned to the polyomaviridae family. Mcv st is also required for efficient mcv dna replication by the multifunctional mcv lt helicase protein. Cytologic and genetic study of polyomavirusinfected or polyomavirusactivated cells in human urine. Other human polyomaviruses include merkel cell carcinoma polyomavirus. Bk virus, a relative of jc virus, which is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy pml, was first isolated in 1971 from a urine sample obtained from a renal transplant recipient. Despite some common features with papillomaviruses, including an oncogenic potential, polyomaviruses are recognized as members of the separate genus polyomavirus in the polyomaviridae family of the ungrouped dna viruses. The human polyomavirus type i, commonly known as bk virus bkv, is a nonenveloped icosahedral particle of 40 nm diameter and fairly resistant to environmental inactivation.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare skin disease of immunosuppressed patients characterized by facial spines, papules, and alopecia, and patient samples had been reported in 1999 to contain intracellular virus particles. Pdf jc and bk polyomaviruses were discovered over 40 years ago and have. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Polyomavirus definition is any virus of a family polyomaviridae and especially genus polyomavirus of doublestranded dna viruses that induce tumors in specific mammals. The virus was first isolated in 1953 when the murine polyomavirus was discovered to have caused tumours in laboratory mice. These markers were used prospectively in the management of a 44yearold woman and led to the diagnosis of polyomavirus bk. Bird to bird transmission parental feeding or egg transmission can spread the virus, and it may also be attributable to environmental conditions. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. This study establishes a cell culture model and identifies a kinase inhibitor as a. Four polyomaviruses namely, merkel cell polyomavirus mcpyv, trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus tspyv, john cunningham. Diagnosis of polyomavirus bk nephropathy and treatment by lowdose immunosuppression may be optimized by using surrogate markers, such as the detection of viral inclusion bearing cells in the urine and polyomavirus bk dna in plasma by polymerase chain reaction. Virions are naked icosahedra with 72 capsomers both pentons and hexons are pentameric, t 7, and a diameter of about 45 nm. People can view the slides even if they dont have powerpoint, but they cant make changes to it. Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human merkel cell carcinoma mc polyomavirus.
Polyomaviridae definition of polyomaviridae by medical. During the past 4 years, polymerase chain reaction pcr assays have detected dna sequences related to sv40 an oncogenic simian polyomavirus in a variety of human tissues, especially choroid plexus tumors, ependymomas, mesotheliomas, and osteosarcomas 17. Intersection of polyomavirus infection and host cellular. Human polyomavirus bkv and renal disease nephrology. Simian virus 40 sv40, a possible human polyomavirus. The designations employed and the presentation of material. Although sporadic cases of pvan had been described as early as 1978 12, the appreciation of bk virus bkv as a serious threat to kidney transplantation became evident in the late 1990s when several centers reported a. When you save presentation as a pdf file it freezes the formatting and layout. Polyomavirus is a deadly infection that affects many of the birds body parts and organs simultaneously. To determine rates of hpyv9 infection among immunosuppressed patients, we screened serum samples from 101 kidney transplant patients in the netherlands for hpyv9 dna and seroreactivity. As a result, patients are at high risk for infections, some that are extremely rare and uncommon with unusual presentations. So far, members of this family have been identified in birds and mammals. Though not proven, adult birds are thought to form some.
The name of the virus refers to the first patients initials, which is also true of jc virus. Polyomaviruses are a family of small, nonenveloped viruses with a circular doublestranded dna genome of. Both are characterized by peracute to acute death of preweaned neonates. Poliovirus vaccine produced in monkey kidney cells were contaminated by sv40 which was inadequately inactivated by formalin, and was inadvertently administered to several million people. The apparent ubiquity of bkv and jcv makes it difficult to correlate seropositivity for bkv or jcvspecific antibodies with specific disease states, such as cancer. Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. Merkel cell polyomavirus mcpyv infection can lead to merkel cell carcinoma, a lethal skin cancer. Most of these viruses are very common and typically asymptomatic in most. Polyomavirus bk nephropathy in a kidney transplant. The merkel polyomavirus is usually involved in merkel cell carcinoma in 2008, the merkel cell polyomavirus mcpyv was discovered by the university of pittsburgh laboratory of drs.
It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by zurhein and chou, and by silverman and rubinstein, and later isolated in culture and named using the two initials of a patient, john cunningham, with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Polyomavirus an emergent pathogen in transplant recipients. The primate polyomavirus sv40 was discovered in 1960 as a passenger virus in cultures of rhesus monkey cells. Pdf avian polyomavirus infections in amazon parrots. The bk virus genome consists of a noncoding control region national coalition for cancer research nccr, the early coding region that transcribes the t antigen, and the late coding region, which codes for the viral capsid proteins vp1, vp2, vp3 and agnoprotein. Human polyomavirus 9 infection in kidney transplant. Any of a genus of dna viruses that infect birds and mammals and induce tumors in certain rodents. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. We find that lt is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the cellular scffbw7 e3 ligase, which can be inhibited by st. Polyomavirus definition of polyomavirus by the free.
A new polyomavirusrelated dermatosis in a pancreatic. Save powerpoint presentations as pdf files office support. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. In 1953, ludwik gross reported that a filterable infectious agent could cause salivary cancer in laboratory mice gross, 1953. The role of merkel cell polyomavirus and other human. Presentation of bk polyomavirusassociated hemorrhagic. The disease has been described in north america, europe, south africa, asia. Overview of jc polyomavirus, bk polyomavirus, and other. Ppt infections a polyomavirus powerpoint presentation. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of human polyomavirus infections. However, so far the merkel cell polyomavirus seems to be the.
The mode of natural transmission is unknown, but likely occurs via the oral or respiratory route. Pdf polyomavirus an emergent pathogen in transplant. Identifying the target cells and mechanisms of merkel cell. The length of polyomavirus genomes is about 5 kilobases. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. The recent discoveries of eight new members of the polyomaviridae family that are capable of infecting humans suggest that there are more to be discovered and raise the possibility that they may play a. Click create pdf xps document, then click create pdf xps.
The cancercausing agent was found to be a nonenveloped dna virus that was named murine polyomavirus from the greek roots poly, which means many, and oma, which means tumours, for its ability to cause tumours in multiple tissues. There is a patchy pleomorphic interstitial infiltrate with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasional neutrophils with. Merkel cell polyomavirus mcpyv a human polyomavirus recently described, also shows evidences of being widely distributed. Young birds from newborn to juveniles 1456 days, are the birds most at risk and is usually fatal. This infection affects caged birds, especially those from the parrot family. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Polyomavirus, family polyomaviridae, any of a subgroup of minute oncogenic dna viruses of the family polyomaviridae. This member of the polyoma subgroup of papovaviruses, which includes bk virus, jc virus. Polyomavirus can cause benign feather lesions in budgies the socalled french molt or budgerigar fledgling disease or acute death. Merkel cell polyomavirus mcv causes an aggressive human skin cancer, merkel cell carcinoma, through expression of small t st and large t lt viral oncoproteins. The polyomavirus is a highly infectious psittacine virus 1, reaching almost 100% infection rates in indoor aviaries. A total of 21 patients had positive results for hpyv9 dna. Avian polyomavirus apv primarily affects young birds. Ppt human papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses powerpoint.