Legal translation translation is an act of communication between text producers and text receivers and the translator is regarded as a mediator between the two. Cultural difficulties in translations from english into arabic roxana s mares. Besides the obvious linguistic side of legal translation, legal translators are faced with challenges, such as cultural and social norms and traditions within legal systems of the country where the text originated, as well as the country for. Translation procedures, strategies and methods by mahmoud ordudari abstract translating culturespecific concepts cscs in general and allusions in particular seem to be one of the most challenging tasks to be performed by a translator. Some problems of translation from english into arabic. I had no problems in the process, and i will definitely use their. There are tons of pdf translation applications out there, but the translation of a pdf document may be tricky and errorprone if you decide to go along with one of those to translate pdf files. Nowadays the accurate translation of legal texts has become highly significant as the ukrainian government have. Legal parlance if it needs translation, needs the services of an expert that is highly knowledgeable in legal terms and practices.
Unfortunately, in reality, literal translation cannot address all the problems and challenges that arise in the course of translation and translators have to seek other supplementary translation approaches to realize equivalence. As regards interlingual translation, specific linguistic constraints are. Pdf the challenges and opportunities of legal translation and. According to the economist, an estimated 750 million crossborder ecommerce disputes now take place every single year. Translation, legal text, international law, kosovo, interpreting. Therefore, this paper attempts to make a modest contribution in this regard with description and discussion of the issues regarding translation of legal texts. New approach to legal translation susan sarcevic, susan.
Overcoming the challenging hurdles in legal translation. These are 1 legal conceptual issues and the question of equivalence and nonequivalence of legal concepts in translation. Translators of legal documents not only translate from one language into another language but also from one legal language into another legal language. Many aspects of translation, in particular in the field of lsp, transcend cultural boundaries and. In an essay on the difficulties of intercultural legal communication, alenka kocbek, from the university of primorska in slovenia, said that if you consider the legal system as being an essential part of any given culture, a legal translator has to have thorough knowledge of the legal systems involved in a particular translation project. It is a story of anglosaxon mercenaries, latinspeaking missionaries, scandinavian raiders, and norman. Inherent problems of legal translation theoretical aspects. The legal translator should be highly qualified and have an excellent command of both languages in addition to special knowledge and expertise in legal matters.
Problems in english arabic translation of reference pragmatic. An investigation on grammatical and lexical problems in. We live in a world which is globalized and where international relations are much more active than ever. A translation test in the form of two texts in english to be translated into arabic. Problems in english arabic translation of reference pragmatic aspects the c ase of f irst y ear master at mentouri university. Jul 29, 2018 in order to successfully and accurately complete a translation, a very specific set of skills is required to overcome language barriers. The two major challenges to overcome with legal translation.
Intransparency in translation can be avoided somewhat by use of latin legal terminology, where possible. Arabicenglisharabic legal translation 1st edition hanem. What are the procedures of translating lexical legal terms between english and arabic. To deliver accurate legal translation services for our clients projects, we employ certified linguists with extensive subject matter expertise and a deep understanding of countryspecific legal terminology.
Pdf problems in translating legal english text into. Legal translation bears the added burden of taking into account legal aspects that are not found in other texts. This is the first english translation of that work. When it comes to legal issues, the global marketplace has exacerbated the problems that can occur between different jurisdictions. Pdf translation service online pdf translator protranslate. Translators usually have to deal with six different translation problems in their work, whether theyre translating a leaflet or a kiid. Problems related to the translation of political texts 163 to political events the equivalence of the translated text to the original depends on the type of text as these translations meet the requirements to serve as politically valid instruments in a target country klaudy 2003. Legal translation is the translation of texts within the field of law. It is also important to consider that all law firms have different practice areas such as banking, dispute resolution, employment and benefits, insurance, intellectual property, private. Sarcevic 1997 regards equivalence as fidelity to the spirit rather than to the letter of the law or a search for equal intent. Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and has become an established area in language studies, being the main criterion for achieving.
The demand for language translation has greatly increased in recent times due to. Legal texts create with themselves dilemma and challenges in translation. Leading translation theoreticians have asserted that all communication is translation. As it deals with a translating problem at a lexical level, that is, the problem of translating. The problem of legal translation must first be understood as a particular example of the problem of translation in general part i. This will help the researcher to highlight the main difficulties that affect the learners. The nature of legal language this material may be used for educational or academic purposes if cited or referred to as. Legal document translation translation agency translateday. Legal translation difficulties of legal translation.
Legal translators face numerous factors that influence their ability to translate certain terms. After a brief overview of legal translation, this article focuses on important challenges and opportunities for legal translators and for legal translator trainers. Pdf issues in translating legal texts international journal of. In the area of legal translation, this can be particularly tricky. Inherent problems of legal translation theoretical aspects, the. On the other hand, the consideration of the close relation between language and the law carries the risk of transforming legal translation theory into a general. Translation can be applied to all fields of language including legal, religious, literary language etc. This paper focuses on the issue of how translations of legal contents from. Consequently, the translation of european union legal texts into other languages, ukrainian in particular, faces many difficulties on different. Legal translation services are required by a range of different industries, ranging from technology and media to finance, life sciences and manufacturing. I dedication this thesis is dedicated to my wonderful parents who have raised me to be the person i am today. For people who do not speak the dominant language in a country, the idea that language is power is easy to understand. Translators usually have to deal with six different problematic areas in their work, whether they are translating technical documents or a sworn statement.
Consequently, the translation of legal texts to other languages faces many difficulties and only professional translators specialised in legal translation should. Strategies in translating collocations in religious texts. At, professional pdf translation services are offered at a standard that none of these online pdf translation services can meet. Our global offices are well placed to service europe, the americas, asiapacific and the middle east. Or consider the legalistic warning commonly contained on isopropyl alcohol, a. Translation types elena shapa doctor, associate professor, moldova state university 2. Thank you for your unconditional and neverending love, for. Translation protocol judicial council of california the judicial council of california is the policymaking body of the california judicial branch. Without translation modern technology could never have been transferred between nations. Adopting a translation test as a research tool in this study is imposed by the. The ability to choose the correct translation technique is an indispensable skill. Law firms, inhouse counsel and legal professionals all rely on our secure, accurate, 247 translation services, underpinned by industry expertise and tested, secure, isoapproved systems. Morningsides professional legal translators are the best in the industry.
Difficulties faced in legal document translation multilizer. You can enjoy fast and safe d ocument translation service with protranslate. Problems related to the translation of political texts. Legal translation techniques and proposed solutions for. Focusing on the problems of translating english legal language, alcaraz and hughes offer a wideranging view of one of the most demanding and vital areas of contemporary translation practice. This committee will be charged with implementing a standardized translation process for all judicial council translations, including providing oversight of translation requests from local. Pdf document translation is a more complicated process compared to the translation process of word documents due to the obstacles confronted while editing text within charts and images. The challenges and opportunities of legal translation and. One of the first attempts to present a comprehensive study of legal translation, this book is an interdisciplinary study in law and translation theory. Legal translation services morningside translations. Arabicenglisharabic legal translation provides a groundbreaking investigation of the issues found in legal translation between arabic and english.
Introduction in this age of globalization, the need for competent legal translators is greater than ever. Therefore, the language of law needs experienced translators, who can decode these. In his view, the level of difficulty of a legal translation does not primarily depend on linguistically determined differences, but rather on structural differences between legal systems. Legal texts are linguistically complex and difficult to understand for lay persons. Guidelines for healthcare interpreters acknowledgements this working paper was researched and written by the standards, training and certification committee of the national council on interpreting in health care, with input from ncihc members around the country.
The article deals with defining the current problems of legal texts translation. As law is a culturedependent subject field, legal translation is not necessarily linguistically transparent. Nowadays the accurate translation of legal texts has become highly important as the mistranslation of a passage in a contract, for example, could lead to lawsuits and loss of money. Strategies in translating collocations in religious. The main focus is on the translation of texts which are authoritative sources of the law. Pdf issues in translating legal texts international. In the present work we will deal with the meaning of legal translation, sworn translation, legal language and the main types of translating mistakes made by translation students in the language. It combines the creativity required in literary translation with the precise terminology of technical translation. On the other hand, the consideration of the close relation between language and the law carries the risk of transforming legal translation theory into a general theory of law. The asymmetry between english and arabic poses many difficulties for legal translators, be they linguisticbased, culturespecific or systembased. Indeed, working as a professional in the translation industry is not as simple as it may sound. Drawing on a contrastivecomparative approach, it analyses parallel authentic legal documents in both arabic and english to examine the features of leg.
Pdf this exploratory study is set to investigate sudanese translation practitioners perceptions about languagerelated challenges. Oral and written translation, mixed translation, computerbasedmachine translation 3. To some extent, legal english is indeed a product of its history. Translation protocol judicial council of california. The legal translator should be highly qualified and have an excellent command of both languages in addition to special knowledge and expertise in legal. In order to successfully and accurately complete a translation, a very specific set of skills is required to overcome language barriers. Individual chapters deal with legal english as a linguistic system, special concepts in the translation of legal english, the genres of legal translation, and offer a series of practical problems. Canadian legislative bijuralism was officially launched ten years ago although the first attempts to raise awareness of the tight. Durham etheses the problems of translating medical terms. Linguistic difficulties in legal languages arise from the.
Some problems of translation from english into arabic a thesis presented to the department of applied linguistics for the partial fulfillment of the degree of b. Legal translators must work not only between two languages and two cultures but between legal systems that are very different due to the strong sociocultural and historical influence exerted on them. Legal texts involve a number of different types of translation problems and require. Problems in english arabic translation of reference. Approaching legal translation should therefore be done in a timely manner, with the right resources and expertise selected to ensure that when it comes to the end of any given project, you can be confident that the multilingual document you have in your hand is of the kind of quality you can pride yourself on. Voices from sudanese translation ali ali arab world english journal. As the name suggests legal translation deals with texts within the realm of the law.
Translation problems and solutions translation problems. Ideally, a translation brief should provide such details. This exploratory study is set to investigate sudanese translation practitioners perceptions about languagerelated challenges encountered when translating legal contracts. Translating lexical legal terms between english and arabic. In this chapter we will consider some particular problems which the task of translation poses for the builder of. Legal translation techniques and proposed solutions for certain problems the translator faces during translation controversy of whether translation is an art, craft or science innovation in translation pedagogy using online collaborative translator training. Legal matters vary from country to country, so only professional translators who specialise in the legal field should work on these documents. The nature of legal language this material may be used for. This article explores the use of explicitation and implicitation in the context of legal translation. Interlinguistic and intralinguistic perspectives abstract the paper takes into consideration some aspects of the process of translation of legal texts, examined both from an interlinguistic and an intralinguistic perspective. Legal translation between english and arabic is under researched.
The rise of legal language perhaps the language of lawyers is so convoluted simply because of the conservatism of the profession and its veneration of history and tradition. Legal document translation is the most difficult among all translation work and requires the highest form of accuracy and broad knowledge of legal systems and terminologies, and language and cultural differences. Just as in every field, there are several translation problems and solutions in the translation industry. Translating lexical legal terms between english and arabic hanem elfarahaty1,2 published online.
It is about translation, its definition and problems confronted generally by learners. Lorscher 1991 has referred to translation problems encountered by translators even by the professional ones, as transfer problems. Legal translation as discussed in a previous blog is one of the most challenging task in the field of translation. Procedia social and behavioral sciences 59 2012 328 a 334 18770428 2011 published by elsevier ltd. This research focuses on the teaching of translation techniques in a translation classroom from the cooperative learning perspective. Translation has played a major part in communication between languages and cultures. Legal translation explained by alcaraz, enrique ebook.
Thus legal translation is a type of specialist or technical translation. Issues in translating legal texts international journal of english. Introduction, a theory of legal translation can be overwhelmingly vast. Beginners guide to legal translation capita translation. It is responsible for the provision of statewide judicial branch information in a manner that ensures meaningful access to the information for all californians. Legal translation is a challenging and complex process. It is not so much a problem when translating from english into a language with one standard variety, such as polish, but vice versa, i. As people do not speak common language, need for translation and interpreting is more crucial in this regard. Over a number of decades, he developed an important legal theory which found its first complete exposition in reine rechtslehre, or pure theory of law, the first edition of which was published in vienna in 1934. Chapter 6 translation problems university of essex. An investigation on grammatical and lexical problems in the. Translating lexical legal terms between english and arabic 475 123.